A worker suffered serious injuries when he fell from a forklift in December 2020. Early investigations indicate he was attempting to repair a jammed roller door. A forklift’s tines lifted a stillage container being used as a makeshift workbox with the man inside. As the worker moved to one side of the crate, it appears that it overbalanced, causing him along with the stillage container to fall almost five metres.
At the time of writing, these findings were not yet confirmed. However, investigations were continuing into the exact cause.
Safety issues
In warehouses, factories, shipping yards, freight terminals and other workplaces, forklifts are used to lift, stack and transfer loads. While forklifts offer practical material handling solutions, there are obvious dangers. Some safety issues relating to forklifts include:
Instability – tipping over is the biggest danger for an employee using a forklift. If an employee jumps from an unstable forklift, the chances of serious harm are high.
Speed and stopping distances – applying a forklift’s brakes inappropriately can cause the forklift to tip forward or lose its load. The workplace environment always needs to be considered.
Attachments – when an attachment is fitted to a forklift, the dynamic and operating characteristics may change, making it necessary to adjust the forklift capacity and restrict some operating controls.
Ways to manage health and safety
Hazards that create risks similar to this incident include the movement of attachments such as man cages on lifting equipment and working from height.
Taking steps to manage risks is a condition of doing business in Queensland. Effective risk management starts with a commitment to health and safety from those who manage the business. If an incident occurs, you’ll need to show the regulator that you’ve used an effective risk management process. This responsibility is covered by your primary duty of care in the Work Health and Safety Act 2011.
Use the hierarchy of controls to help decide how to eliminate and reduce risks in your workplace. The hierarchy of controls ranks types of control methods from the highest level of protection and reliability to the lowest. It’s a step-by-step approach to eliminating or reducing risks. You must work through the hierarchy of controls when managing risks. The aim is to eliminate the hazard, which is the most effective control.
Possible control measures to prevent similar incidents:
You must ensure forklifts are operated in a safe manner, including when using a work cage as a control measure for workers performing work at heights. Controls may include but are not limited to:
Workboxes
Work-boxes must only be used to raise people if performing short-term tasks (see AS2359.2—2013 clause 3.10.1(b)).
A workbox fitted to a forklift must be securely attached to the forklift carriage and engineer-designed and constructed in accordance with AS 2359 Powered Industrial Trucks series (see Code of Practice (2018) for Managing the Risks of Falls at Workplaces).
Work-boxes must be securely attached to the forklift with a minimum of two independent securing devices. The devices must be visible to the person in the workbox.
People using a workbox must be protected from the mast of the forklift and associated moving parts by a barrier at the back of the workbox.
Tines lifting a workbox must be spaced widely apart to avoid the cage overbalancing.
The tines must be in tunnels or clamps under the work cage. They may not be in an open arrangement like in a pallet as they may be accidentally placed too far from the edge and tip over. Fork tunnels or clamps must be located within 150mm to 250mm of the outside edge of a workbox, with further tolerances specified in AS 2359 Powered Industrial Trucks series.
Refer to AS 2359 Powered Industrial Trucks series for other requirements, such as handrails, gates, and anchorage points for safety harnesses.
Forklifts
Work-boxes should only be attached to a compliant forklift, with a load capacity data plate stating the attachments that may be used.
Ensure your traffic management plan deals with tasks involving work boxes.
Before starting work, ensure the parking brake is set, the transmission in neutral, the mast is vertical, and all controls are immobilised except lift and lower.
Employees should be trained in the safe use of workboxes, including emergency procedures, to ensure occupants can be rescued if an incident or breakdown occurs.
Employees must stand on the floor of the workbox, not on a ladder or other object.
Never use workboxes to transport people.
The employee operating the forklift must remain at the controls at all times. The forklift operator should perform an initial trial lift without a person inside to ensure the cage has a clear path.
The control measures put in place should be reviewed regularly to make sure they work as planned.
More Information
- Managing risks of plant in the workplace Code of Practice 2013 (PDF, 1.04 MB)
- How to manage work health and safety risks Code of Practice 2011 (PDF, 1.02 MB)
- Separating forklifts and workers – fact sheet (PDF, 0.4 MB)
- Forklift safety – reducing the risks (PDF, 0.27 MB)